Passive Voice
kalimat pasif (passive voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya
dikenai pekerjaan oleh object kalimat. Active voice lebih sering digunakan
dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dibandingkan dengan passive voice. Namun demikian,
sering kita temukan passive voice di surat-surat kabar, artikel-artikel di
majalah-majalah dan tulisan-tulisan ilmiah. Passive voice digunakan karena
object dari active voice merupakan informasi yang lebih penting dibandingkan
dengan subject-nya.
Contoh Passive Voice (Kalimat Passive)
ACTIVE:
Jane helps Tina. (Artinya:
Jane menolong Tina)
PASSIVE:
Tina is helped by Jane. (Artinya:
Tina ditolong oleh Jane)
Pada kalimat pasif, Object dari kalimat aktif (Tina) berubah
menjadi Subject.
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Merubah Active Voice (Kalimat Aktif) ke dalam bentuk
Passive Voice (Kalimat Pasif)
Tenses
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ACTIVE
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PASSIVE
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Jane helps Tina.
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Tina is helped by Jane.
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Jane is helping Tina.
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Tina is being helped by Jane.
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Jane has helped Tina.
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Tina has been helped by Jane.
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Jane helped Tina.
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Tina was helped by Jane.
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Jane was helping Tina.
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Tina was being helped by Jane.
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Jane had helped Tina.
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Tina had been helped by Jane.
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Jane will help Tina.
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Tina will be helped by Jane.
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Jane is going to help Tina.
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Tina is going to be helped by Jane.
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Jane will have helped Tina.
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Tina will have been helped by Jane.
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(Bentuk
Progressive/ Continuous dari Present Perfect, Past Perfect, Future, dan Future
Perfect sangat jarang digunakan dalam bentuk kalimat pasif)
Object Tak Langsung Sebagai Subject Pasif
Contoh:
ACTIVE:
Someone gave Mrs. Grim an award.
PASSIVE:
Mrs. Grim was given an award by
someone.
ACTIVE:
Someone gave an award to Mrs.
Grim.
PASSIVE:
An award was given to Mrs. Grim.
Direct
Object (Object
Langsung): Sesuatu.
Indirect
Object (Object tak
langsung): yang menerima sesuatu.
Contoh 4 kalimat di atas semuanya mempunyai makna yang sama.
Mrs. Grim: sebagai object tak langsung (Indirect Object),
dan an award: sebagai object langsung (Direct Object).
Baik Object langsung ataupun Object tak langsung
bisa menjadi Subject dalam bentuk kalimat pasif.
CATATAN: Ketika object
langsung menjadi subject, frase “to” biasanya digunakan
didepan atau sebelum object tak langsung (lihat contoh kalimat ke 4).
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Contoh :
Active : We fertilize the soil every
6 months
· Passive: The soil is fertilized by us every
6 months
Dari contoh ini dapat kita lihat bahwa:
- Object dari active voice (the soil) menjadi subject
dari passive voice
- Subject dari active voice (we) menjadi object dari
passive voice. Perhatikan pula bahwa terjadi perubahan dari subject
pronoun ‘we’ menjadi object pronoun ‘us’.
- Verb1 (fertilize) pada active voice menjadi verb3
(fertilized) pada passive voice.
- Ditambahkannya be ‘is’ di depan verb3. Be yang
digunakan adalah tergantung pada subject passive voice dan tenses yang
digunakan. (Perhatikan pola-pola passive voice di bawah).
- Ditambahkannya kata ‘by’ di belakang verb3. Namun, jika
object dari passive voice dianggap tidak penting atau tidak diketahui,
maka object biasanya tidak dikemukakan dan begitu pula kata ‘by’.
- Khusus untuk kalimat-kalimat progressive (present,
past, past perfect, future, past future, dan past future perfect
continuous, perlu menambahkan ‘being’ di depan verb3). Kalau tidak
ditambahkan “being”, tensisnya akan berubah, bukan progressive/continuous
lagi. Perhatikan contoh-contoh pada poin h – o di bawah.
Berdasarkan keenam poin di atas maka
passive voice mengikuti pola sebagai berikut:
Subject + be + Verb3 + by + Object + modifier
Pola active dan passive voice pada tiap tensis
a. Jika active voice dalam simple present tense, maka
‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah is, am atau are.
Contoh:
·
Active : He meets them everyday.
·
Passive : They are met by him everyday.
·
Active : She waters this plant every two days.
·
Passive : This plant is watered by her every two days.
b. Jika active voice dalam simple past tense, maka ‘be’
passive voice-nya adalah was atauwere
Contoh:
·
Active : He met them yesterday
·
Passive : They were met by him yesterday
·
Active : She watered this plant this morning
·
Passive : This plant was watered by her this morning
c. Jika active voice dalam present perfect tense, maka
‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah beenyang diletakkan setelah
auxiliary has atau have, sehingga menjadi ‘has
been’ atau ‘have been’
Contoh:
·
Active : He has met them
·
Passive : They have been met by him
·
Active : She has watered this plant for 5 minutes.
·
Passive : This plant has been watered by her for 5 minutes.
d. Jika active voice dalam past perfect tense, maka
‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah beenyang diletakkan setelah
auxiliary had, sehingga menjadi had been
Contoh:
·
Active : He had met them before I came.
·
Passive : They had been met by him before I came.
·
Active : She had watered this plant for 5 minutes when I got here
·
Passive : This plant had been watered by her for 5
minutes when I got here
e. Jika active voice dalam simple future tense, maka
‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah be
Contoh:
·
Active : He will meet them tomorrow.
·
Passive : They will be met by him tomorrow.
·
Active : She will water this plant this afternoon.
·
Passive : This plant will be watered by her this
afternoon.
·
Active : The farmers are going to harvest the crops next week
·
Passive : The crops are going to be harvested by the
farmers next week.
f. Jika active voice dalam future perfect tense, maka
‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah beenyang diletakkan setelah
auxiliary will have, sehingga menjadi ‘will have been’
Contoh:
·
Active : He will have met them before I get there tomorrow.
·
Passive : They will have been met by him before I get
there tomorrow.
·
Active : She will have watered this plant before I get here this
afternoon.
·
Passive : This plant will have been watered by her
before I get here this afternoon.
g. Jika active voice dalam past future perfect tense,
maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalahbeen yang diletakkan setelah
auxiliary would have, sehingga menjadi ‘would have been’.
Contoh:
·
Active : He would have met them.
·
Passive : They would have been met by him.
·
Active : She would have watered this plant.
·
Passive : This plant would have been watered by her.
h. Jika active voice dalam present continuous tense,
maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (is, am atau are) + being.
Contoh:
·
Active : He is meeting them now.
·
Passive : They are being met by him now.
·
Active : She is watering this plant now.
·
Passive : This plant is being watered by her now.
i. Jika active voice dalam past continuous tense, maka
‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (wasatau were) + being.
Contoh:
·
Active : He was meeting them.
·
Passive : They were being met by him.
·
Active : She was watering this plant.
·
Passive : This plant was being watered by her.
j. Jika active voice dalam perfect continuous tense,
maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (has/have) been + being.
Contoh:
·
Active : He has been meeting them.
·
Passive : They have been being met by him.
·
Active : She has been watering this plant.
·
Passive : This plant has been being watered by her.
k. Jika active voice dalam past perfect continuous tense,
maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah had been + being.
Contoh:
·
Active : He had been meeting them.
·
Passive : They had been being met by him.
·
Active : She had been watering this plant.
·
Passive : This plant had been being watered by her.
l. Jika active voice dalam future continuous tense,
maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalahwill be + being.
Contoh:
·
Active : He will be meeting them.
·
Passive : They will be being met by him.
·
Active : She will be watering this plant.
·
Passive : This plant will be being watered by her.
m. Jika active voice dalam past future continuous tense,
maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah would be + being.
Contoh:
·
Active : He would be meeting them.
·
Passive : They would be being met by him.
·
Active : She would be watering this plant.
·
Passive : This plant would be being watered by
her.
n. Jika active voice dalam future perfect continuous tense,
maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah will have been + being.
Contoh:
·
Active : He will have been meeting them.
·
Passive : They will have been being met by him.
·
Active : She will have been watering this plant.
·
Passive : This plant will have been being watered by
her.
o. Jika active voice dalam past future perfect continuous
tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah would have been + being.
Contoh:
·
Active : He would be meeting them.
·
Passive : They would be being met by him.
·
Active : She would be watering this plant.
·
Passive : This plant would be being watered by her.
Contoh-contoh yang lain:
- Koko’s nose is bleeding. He
was punched by his friend right on his nose. (Hidung Koko sedang
berdarah. Dia dipukul oleh temannya tepat di hidungnya).
- The Indonesian football team was beaten by
the Saudi Arabian team. (Team sepakbola Indonesia dikalahkan oleh team
arab Saudi).
- These plants were watered by my sister a few
minutes ago. (Tanaman-tanaman ini disirami oleh adikku beberapa menit yang
lalu).
- There is no meal left. All has been
devoured by Yeyes. (Tidak ada makan yang tersisa. Semuanya telah
dilahap habis oleh Yeyes).
- English is studied by all high school
students. (Bahasa Inggris dipelajari oleh semua murid sekolah menengah
lanjutan (SMP dan SMA)
The
use of the passive
Ø Introduction
Compare
the active and passive sentences
Active : amy fased the report.
Passive : the report was faxed by amy.
We
can choosen to talk about Amy and what she did, or about the report and what happened to it. This
often depends on what is old or new information.
Ø The Agent
When
we need to mention the agent in a passive sentence, we use by.
The
story was written by Dickens
But
often we mention other information rather than the agent.
The
concret is being held in the park
Plugs
should be wired correctly
Referensi:
Buku
: PT Bhuana Ilmu Populer Kelompok
Gramedia Jakarta , 2010
Advanced English Grammar for TOEFL
Preparation Oleh Hotben D.
English Grammar, Oleh Henricus Budi
H.
IDI
Supono, 2007, BBC ENGLISH GRAMMAR : Tata Bahasa Inggris Lengkap.
Jhon
Eastwood, 2008, Oxford Learner’s Pocket Grammar
